Epilepsy specialty

Epilepsy care begins with understanding the event.

Epilepsy is a neurological condition involving a tendency to have recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures do not always look like convulsions, and an evaluation can begin before the diagnosis is clear.

What can a seizure look like?

A seizure is a temporary change in brain activity. Some are dramatic, while others are subtle. A person may stare, lose track of time, become briefly unresponsive, experience unusual sensations, make repeated movements, stiffen, fall, or shake. Memory before or after the event may be incomplete.

When should someone seek an epilepsy evaluation?

An evaluation may be appropriate after a first suspected seizure, a new type of episode, a recurrence after a long period without events, or ongoing symptoms that have not been explained. People with an established epilepsy diagnosis may also seek specialty input when episodes change or care needs to be reviewed.

Why symptoms can be hard to recognize

Brief episodes may be described as daydreaming, fainting, confusion, panic, sleep-related behavior, or simply “something strange.” Those descriptions do not establish the cause, but they can provide useful details for a neurological history.

What an evaluation may consider

A visit typically begins with the event history, the person’s medical background, and observations from witnesses or caregivers. Dr. Zaatreh determines what neurological assessment or testing is appropriate for the individual situation. This website does not list a fixed test pathway because evaluation should be tailored to the patient.

Who may benefit

An evaluation can start before the label is known.

These examples are not a diagnosis. They are reasons a person may consider discussing symptoms with a neurological clinician.

01

A first or unexplained event

A sudden episode of altered awareness, collapse, shaking, or unusual behavior.

02

Known epilepsy with a change

A different event pattern, new questions, or the need to review ongoing care.

03

Subtle recurring spells

Blank periods, lost time, unusual sensations, or repeated movements that remain unexplained.

04

Family or caregiver observations

Events noticed by someone else, including during sleep or when the patient cannot recall what happened.

Emergency guidance: Call 911 for a seizure lasting five minutes or longer, repeated seizures without recovery, breathing difficulty, serious injury, a seizure in water, or any situation that feels life-threatening.

Specialized background

Epilepsy training at Yale

Dr. Zaatreh completed fellowship training in epilepsy and epilepsy surgery evaluation at Yale, following neurology residency at the University of North Carolina.

Symptoms worth discussing

Seizures, passing out, near-fainting, tremors, and shaking are not the only reasons to seek a neurological evaluation. You can also bring concerns about inattention, staring events, clumsiness, unexplained memory decline, and nighttime (sleeping) events.

These symptoms can have different causes and do not, by themselves, mean someone has epilepsy. Sudden severe symptoms or a life-threatening event need emergency care.